Moed Katan 12

Chapter 12

א רובע זרע ממין אחר ימעט
1 of another kind must be reduced.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or when already sown and sprouting the admixture is to be pulled up.');"><sup>1</sup></span> But it is taught: They [the authorities] introduced a rule that they should declare ownerless the [crop of the] entire field? - That is not difficult [to explain].
ב והתניא התקינו שיהו מפקירין כל השדה כולה לא קשיא כאן קודם תקנה כאן לאחר תקנה
2 The former [Mishnah] states the practice before the [new] rule, while the latter [of the Baraitha] gives the practice after the [introduction] of the rule, as it is [distinctly] taught: Formerly they [the public commissioners] used to uproot [the diverse-crop], throwing it to the cattle, at which the owners were doubly pleased, for one thing that they weeded their fields for them, and again that they threw [the forbidden crop] to the cattle; thereupon they made a [new] regulation that they should pull up [the forbidden crop] and cast it on the road. And still the owners were greatly pleased, because they weeded their fields.
ג דתניא בראשונה היו עוקרין ומשליכין לפני בהמתן והיו בעלי בתים שמחין שתי שמחות אחת שמנכשין להם שדותיהן ואחת שמשליכין לפני בהמתם
3 Thereupon they instituted that they should declare ownerless the crop of the entire field.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a deterrent, s.v. Shek. 1, 3.');"><sup>2</sup></span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>R'ELIEZER B. JACOB SAYS: WATER MAY BE DRAWN FROM [ONE] TREE TO [ANOTHER] TREE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the fruit-trees need it.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד התקינו שיהו עוקרין ומשליכין על הדרכים ועדיין היו שמחין שמחה גדולה שמנכשין שדותיהן התקינו שיהו מפקירין כל השדה כולה:
4 PROVIDED THE WHOLE FIELD IS NOT WATERED IN THIS WAY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., under this pretext.');"><sup>4</sup></span> SEEDS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Grain crops, white and leguminous, in contrast to fruit-trees.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ה <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ר"א בן יעקב אומר מושכין את המים מאילן לאילן ובלבד שלא ישקה את כל השדה זרעים שלא שתו לפני המועד לא ישקם במועד וחכמים מתירין בזה ובזה:
5 THAT HAVE NOT HAD [ANY] DRINK BEFORE THE FESTIVAL WEEK MAY NOT BE WATERED DURING THE FESTIVAL WEEK.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Either because they then require fuller attention, entailing greater exertion, or to discourage leaving the task for this week of leisure.');"><sup>6</sup></span> THE SAGES HOWEVER ALLOW IT IN BOTH THE ONE CASE AND THE OTHER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Sages disagree in both clauses of the Mishnah, i.e., that they do allow watering the entire orchard by training from tree to tree, and allow watering seeds even if they had not been watered before the festival.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ו <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב יהודה אם היתה שדה מטוננת מותר תניא נמי הכי כשאמרו אסור להשקותן במועד לא אמרו אלא בזרעים שלא שתו מלפני המועד אבל זרעים ששתו לפני המועד מותר להשקותן במועד
6 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>[NOT. THE ENTIRE FIELD].
ז ואם היתה שדה מטוננת מותר ואין משקין שדה גריד במועד וחכמים מתירין בזה ובזה
7 Said Rab Judah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' D.S.: R. Huna.');"><sup>8</sup></span> If the field has a clayey<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Trees, shrubs . . generally thrive better in heavy soil'. 'Clays are especially of a pourous nature and consequently retentive of water and plant food'. H. J. Webb, Element, Agriculture, 1896, p. 20.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ח אמר רבינא שמע מינה האי תרביצא שרי לתרבוצי בחולא דמועדא שדה גריד מאי טעמא דאפלא משוי לה חרפא ה"נ אפלא משוי לה חרפא
8 soil he may [water it].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise the soil goes hard.');"><sup>10</sup></span> It is likewise taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. insert, R. Eliezer b. Jacob said.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ט ת"ר מרביצין שדה לבן בשביעית אבל לא במועד
9 When they said<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eliezer b. Jacob and those who share his view.');"><sup>12</sup></span> that it is forbidden to water them during the festival [week], they referred only to seeds that had not drunk before the festival; but seeds that had drunk before the festival may [again] be watered during the festival [week]; and if the field was a clayey soil, it is allowed [t water it].
י והא תניא מרביצין בין במועד בין בשביעית אמר רב הונא לא קשיא הא ר"א בן יעקב הא רבנן
10 And a bare<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a plot uncultivated at the moment; cf. Pes. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> field is not watered during the festival [week]; but the Sages allow it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both in the case of seeds that were not watered before the festival, and in the case of a bare field when an extra chance supply of water occurs, thereby to fit the soil for its turn to be sown or planted.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יא תניא אידך מרביצין שדה לבן ערב שביעית כדי שיצאו ירקות בשביעית ולא עוד אלא שמרביצין שדה לבן בשביעית כדי שיצאו ירקות למוצאי שביעית:
11 in the one case and in the other. Said Rabina: You may infer from here that a garden plot may be sprinkled<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By hand, jug or watering pot but not by regular irrigation, I.e., running the water into the field by ridges or channels. hwr');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יב <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> צדין את האישות ואת העכברים משדה האילן ומשדה הלבן כדרכו במועד ובשביעית וחכ"א משדה האילן כדרכו ומשדה הלבן שלא כדרכו
12 in the festival week. For in the case of a bare field, why is it [permitted]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the Rabbis. So taken in Otz. Hag. l.c. and Tosaf. here s.v. but Han. explains differently.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יג ומקרין את הפירצה במועד ובשביעית בונה כדרכו:
13 Because it just quickens a tardy soil; here too, i just quickens a tardy soil. Our Rabbis taught: 'A white field may be sprinkled<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of cereals and legumina. Rashi here takes it as a Baal-field, i.e., one favourably situated as regards rain and sunshine.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יד <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאי אישות אמר רב יהודה בריה שאין לה עינים אמר רבא בר ישמעאל ואיתימא רב יימר בר שלמיא מאי קרא (תהלים נח, ט) כמו שבלול תמס יהלך נפל אשת בל חזו שמש
14 in the sabbatical year, but not during the festival [week]'. But it has been taught: It may be sprinkled either in the sabbatical year or during the festival [week]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is in agreement with Rashi and Tosaf. according to the reading in our text. Var. lec.: 'May not be sprinkled... neither in the sabbatical year nor during the festival (week) '. V. Han. Alfasi. The reading is discussed by the Tosafist R. Shimshon (b. Abraham) of Sens in his commentary on Sheb. II, 10.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
טו ת"ר צדין את האישות ואת העכברים משדה הלבן ומשדה האילן כדרכו ומחריבין חורי נמלים כיצד מחריבין רשב"ג אומר מביא עפר מחור זה ונותן לתוך חור זה והן חונקין זה את זה
15 - Said R'Huna, This [discrepancy] is not difficult [to explain]; the former [quotation] states the view of R'Eliezer B'Jacob<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who disallows (in the Mishnah) watering the whole field in the festival week (and sprinkling marrows with 'white earth' even in the sabbatical year) . Sheb. II, 10 q.v.');"><sup>19</sup></span> and the latter that of the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both in our Mishnah and in the first cited Baraitha, as regards the tree-field and seeds.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
טז אמר רב יימר בר שלמיא משמיה דאביי והוא דקאי בתרי עברי נהרא והוא דליכא גשרא והוא דליכא גמלא והוא דליכא מצרא
16 Another [Baraitha] taught: A white field may be<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Sheb. II, 1 reads 'a field'.');"><sup>21</sup></span> sprinkled in the pre-sabbatical year so that the greens may sprout in the sabbatical year. Nay, more, a white field may be<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Sheb. II, 1 reads 'a field'.');"><sup>21</sup></span> sprinkled in the sabbatical year, so that the greens may sprout [better] in the post-sabbatical year. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>MOLES AND MICE MAY BE TRAPPED IN A TREE-FIELD OR WHITE FIELD IN THE USUAL WAY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mishnah texts read here 'not in the usual way'.');"><sup>22</sup></span> DURING THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] AND IN THE SABBATICAL YEAR: BUT THE SAGES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. R. Judah; v. Gemara infra. Obviously, it is ultimately the view adopted by the Sages. 7a.');"><sup>23</sup></span> SAY, IN THE TREE-FIELD IN THE USUAL WAY AND IN THE WHITE FIELD NOT IN THE USUAL WAY: AND A BREACH MAY BE BLOCKED UP DURING THE FESTIVAL [WEEK] AND IN THE SABBATICAL YEAR ONE MAY BUILD IN THE USUAL WAY. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What is ESHUTH?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Hebrew word for 'moles' in the MISHNAH:');"><sup>24</sup></span> - Said Rab Judah: [It is] a creature which has no eyes. Raba B'Ishmael, some say, R'Yemar B'Shelemia, said, What [may be the] text [for this]? - 'Let them [the wicked] be as a snail which melteth and passeth away; like the young mole [esheth]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Biblical Hebrew for Eshuth.');"><sup>25</sup></span> which hath not seen the sun.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. LVIII, 9.');"><sup>26</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: Moles and mice may be trapped in a white field and in a tree-field in the usual way and ants' holes may also be destroyed. How are they destroyed? Rabbah Simeon B'Gamaliel says: Earth is fetched from one hole and put into another and they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ants of the two nests not knowing each other.');"><sup>27</sup></span> strangle each other. R'Yemar B'Shelemia said in the name of Abaye, That is [effective] only if [the nests are] situate on two sides of the river; and that [again], there is no bridge; and that [again], if there is not [even] a [crossing] plank; and that [again], if there is n even a rope [to cross by].
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